Brain Anatomy – Functional

(4:48) Extensive review of functional areas of the brain and typical deficits occurring with injury. NEU001

 

Circle of Willis Anatomy & Brain Aneurysms 

(3:31 – narrated) Review of the anatomy and function of the Circle of Willis in the brain, the formation and rupture of saccular (berry) aneurysms in the Circle, and subsequent subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with stroke.  NEU007

 

Spinal cord anatomy and blood supply

(2:48) Origin of spinal cord blood supply from the aorta, intercostal arteries, lumbar arteries, anterior segmental medullary arteries, the artery of Adamkiewicz, anterior spinal artery, and peripheral and sulcal spinal cord arteries. Also relationship of verterbral spinal canal, spinal cord, dura mater covering and spinal nerve roots. NEU008

 

Brain Anatomy – CSF

(2:39) Reviews the dura mater, left and right cerebellum, posterior fossa, and ventricular system, including production and circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). NEU006

 

Blood Supply to the Brain

(2:06 – narrated) A review of the blood supply (vascular anatomy) to the human brain. NEU009

 

Middle Cerebral Artery

(0:53) Anatomy of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and distribution of perfusion. NEU004

 

Spine – Herniated disc

(2:20) Anatomy of the thoracic spine, process of intervertebral disc herniation and nerve root impingement. NEU003

 

Cerebrospinal fluid production and circulation

(4:54 – narrated) Review of cerebrospinal function, production and circulation in the human brain. NEU082

 

Brain Anatomy and Meninges

(1:15) anatomy and relationships of the skull, brain, meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). NEU071

Circle of Willis Anatomy & Brain Aneurysms

(3:31 – narrated) Review of the anatomy and function of the Circle of Willis in the brain, the formation and rupture of saccular (berry) aneurysms in the Circle, and subsequent subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with stroke. NEU007

 

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

(8:16 – narrated) In depth review of carpal tunnel anatomy and causes and pathophysiology of Median Nerve Compression in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome NEU010

Carpal Tunnel Surgery

(4:52 – narrated) In depth review of surgery to relieve Median Nerve Compression in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome NEU011

Central Sensitization

(7:48) In depth review of increased pain sensitivity and perception associated with Central Sensitization, in this example triggered by injury of the lower spinal cord NEU091

Conus Medullaris Syndrome

(3:04)) Injury to the lower spinal cord resulting in Conus Medullaris Syndrome, with impaired urinary bladder control, and chronic pain and numbness in the lower limbs NEU092

Epidural Abscess

(09:28) occurring due to bacteremia from a localized foot infection; subsequent spinal cord necrosis; surgical treatment NEU101

 

Epidural Infection

(14:29)  Epidural Infection occurring without a compressive abscess, and resulting in spinal cord ischemia NEU102

Fetal Neuron Migration Disorder

(1:15) Normal neural migration in utero versus abnormal migration and effect on neuron alignment and brain size. NEU051

 

Spine – Herniated disc

(2:20) Anatomy of the thoracic spine, process of intervertebral disc herniation and nerve root impingement. NEU003

 

Cervical Fusion and Discectomy 

(4:53) Surgical procedure to relieve nerve root compression by removal of herniated disc in the cervical spine, removal of osteophyte (bone spur) to relieve spinal cord compression, performance of foraminotomy to relieve nerve root compression, placement of tricortical graft in intervertebral space, and application of anterior plate. NEU041B

 

Cervical Discectomy and Synthes Implant

Cervical Discectomy and Synthes Implant (14:06) procedure performed at C3-4 spinal level due to disc disease, spinal cord and nerve root compression in a patient with previous multilevel spinal surgery NEU045

 

Costotransversectomy

(1:21) Procedure to remove herniated disk and relieve nerve root compression. (Companion to Spine/Herniated disk). NEU041

Lumbar disc herniation

(4:02 – narrated) Review of spinal anatomy and the process of intervertebral disc herniation as a result of degenerative or traumatic tears in the annulus fibrosus of the disc. NEU043

 

Lumbar Decompression

(5:23 – narrated) Review of intervertebral disc decompression via the technique of coblation and coagulation to treat a bulging disc in the lumbar spine. Comparison of disc bulge versus disc herniation. NEU042

 

Lumbar Discectomy and Fusion

(6:52 – narrated) In depth review of spinal anatomy and intervertebral discectomy (disc removal) to relieve compression of the spinal cord (cauda equina).caused by a bulging disc, followed by placement of implant and bone graft material. NEU044

Cerebrospinal fluid production and circulation

(4:54 – narrated) Review of cerebrospinal function, production and circulation in the human brain. NEU082

 

Hydrocephalus & Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation

(2:04) Anatomy of the ventricular system in the brain, production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and onset of hydrocephalus when CSF flow is obstructed. NEU080

Hydrocephalus Colloid Cyst

(narrated – 6:53)  Hydrocephalus, Brainstem Herniation and Stroke due to obstruction of the Foramen of Monro by a Colloid Cyst NEU083

 

Hydrocephalus Shunt

(3:25) Treatment of Hydrocephalus by placement of a shunt into the ventricles of the brain (ventricular peritoneal shunt). Possible complications of shunt placement including cerebral hemorrhage, stroke, intraventricular hemorrhage and infection (encephalitis). NEU081

Intracranial Hemorrhage

(1:43) Posterior fossa hemorrhage with increased intracranial pressure and brainstem herniation. NEU061 (companion to Brain Anantomy NEU006

 

Circle of Willis Anatomy & Brain Aneurysms

(3:31 – narrated) Review of the anatomy and function of the Circle of Willis in the brain, the formation and rupture of saccular (berry) aneurysms in the Circle, and subsequent subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with stroke. NEU007

Craniectomy 

(0:51) surgical procedure performed to relieve intracranial pressure from posterior fossa hemorrhage NEU062 (companion to intracranial hemorrhage NEU061)

 

Arteriovenous malformation

(4:09 – narrated) An in depth review of arteriovenous malformations (AVM) in the human brain with subsequent intracerebral hemorrhage NEU075

Fulminant Bacterial Meningitis

(3:21) 3D medical animation of acute bacterial meningitis in a child. Invasion of nasal epithelium by meningococcal bacteria, facilitated by respiratory virus. Entry of meningococcus into the bloodstream and hence to the brain, with immune response, release of cytokines, and subsequent cerebral edema.NEU072

 

Meningitis and Antibiotics

(1:14) effect of antibiotic therapy in established fulminant bacterial meningitis. Fragmentation of bacteria by antibiotics triggers increased immune response and cytokine release, resulting in worsening of adverse effects on the brain, including cerebral edema. NEU073

Anatomy of brain and meninges

(1:15) anatomy and relationships of the skull, brain, meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). NEU071

 

Fungal Meningitis

(4:58-narrated) Fungal meningitis arising as a result of contaminated epidural steroid injection, many cases of which occurred in the USA in 2012. Subsequent  vasculitis with thrombus and hemorrhagic related stroke (CVA – cerebrovascular

accident) IND002

 

Candidiasis and Encephalitis

(2:26) Insertion of PICC (peripherally inserted central catheter) line with growth of candida albicans and subsequent spread to the brain causing candidal encephalitis IND001

Dopamine Neuron Structure and Function

(1:36) Anatomy and neuro-chemical physiology of neuronal synapse. NEU031

 

Dopamine Blockade 

(0:43) Mechanism of dopamine blockade by an antagonist at the synapse. NEU033

Droperidol (Inapsine) Action and Metabolism

(1:28) Action of inapsine at synaptic junction and characteristics of metabolism. NEU032

 

Naloxone (Narcan)

(2:17) action of naloxone (Narcan) at neuronal synapse level in reversing respiratory depression in narcotic overdose NEU034

Stroke – definition and cause

(27:25 – narrated) An in depth review of the causes of stroke (CVA – cerebrovascular accident), including blood supply and vascular anatomy of the brain. NEU074

 

Myocardial Infarction and stroke

(2:49 – narrated) Review of embolization to the brain as a result of decreased left ventricular function in myocardial infarction (heart attack) and congestive heart failure.CVS027

 

Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke

(3:01 – narrated) Atrial Fibrillation as a source of clots (thrombi) and subsequent embolization to the middle cerebral artery causing stroke. CVS 103

Watershed Stroke

(2:02 – narrated)  Stroke in the watershed vascular area of the brain as a result of global (generalized) loss of blood flow to the brain as in hemorrhagic shock, cardiac arrhtythmias, septicemia and narcotics overdosage. NEU070

 

Arteriovenous malformation

(4:09 – narrated) An in depth review of arteriovenous malformations (AVM) in the human brain with subsequent intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). NEU075

 

Endocarditis and Stroke

(1:26 – narrated) Review of sepsis related endocarditis, with subsequent growth of cardiac valve leaflet vegetations, embolization and stroke CVS150

Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI)

(5:12 – narrated) Detailed analysis of brain/neuron anatomy & injury in diffuse axonal injury (DAI), primary & secondary injury, with traumatic acceleration/deceleration events. NEU021